FILA table of PBL (Trigger 1) (Task 7)

Learning Objectives :

• Discuss the role of co-factors and vitamins in metabolism.
• Identify the food that rich in the co-factors and vitamins. 
• Evaluate the importance of balanced diet.
• Analyze the extreme intake and deprivation of each vitamins.

FACTS	IDEAS	LEARNING ISSUES	ACTION PLANS	REFERENCES
1. She stopped playing with her friends and was so tired all the time. Her abdomen started to swell, her arms and legs got very thin and I could see her ribs poking through her chest. Then her hair started to go a yellow reddish color and chunks of it started to fall out.	-Kayangge shows symptoms of certain diseases	-What diseases that related to all these symptoms? -How does the disease affect the abdomen? -Why the colour of hair started to go a yellow reddish colour and fall out?	- . The abdomen is swollen because of lack of strength of the muscles of the abdomen. This causes the contents of the abdomen to bulge out making the abdomen swollen. Kwashiorkor causes the body to retain fluid in the lower legs, feet, arms, hands, and face, leading to a swollen appearance. This is caused due to lack of vital nutrients. These two symptoms are seen in children with severe malnutrition. -Kwashiorkor is a severe form of malnutrition associated with a deficiency in dietary protein. -In Kwashiorkor the child is between 1 and 2 with hair changing colour to a listless red, grey or blonde.	Internet
2.I kept trying to feed her but she wasn't interested and would turn her head away.	-Kayangge lose her appetite	-What lead her to loss appetite?	-Marasmic kwashiorkor is the third form of protein-energy malnutrition that combines features and symptoms of both marasmus and kwashiorkor. Rapid weight loss, infections, and sudden changes in behavior or appetite could be signs of an underlying problem	Internet
3. Even my strong seven year old son,  Kakabo was changing.	-Kakabo also showing same symptoms with Kayangge	-Does the age is one of the factors of malnutrition?	-Both adults and children can have marasmus, but it most often affects young children in developing countries.	Internet
4. Kakabo’s grades started to drop and I got reports from the teacher that he was falling asleep in class.	-Kakabo cannot concentrate well in his study	-What are the causes that lead him falling asleep easily?	-malnutrition that results when a person does not consume enough protein and calories. Without these vital nutrients, energy levels become dangerously low	Internet
5. We asked him to call the traditional healer but instead he told us that we should go to the health center	-Comparison between modern and traditional treatment	-What is the difference between traditional and modern treatment? -Which one is the most preferable treatment method?	-traditional treatment: Cooking foods at high heat to destroy bacteria. Boiling water before drinking, cooking, or bathing in areas where clean water is difficult to access is essential to prevent spreading waterborne diseases. -modern treatment: A medical professional will need to prepare a specific eating plan. Receive a diet treatment that is rich in nutrients, carbohydrates, and calories. They will need more calories than is usual for their age -modern: Marasmus is a life-threatening medical emergency. When symptoms appear, the person needs treatment straight away. A full recovery can still take months, even with the right treatment plan. An individual may also need treatment for the complications, such as infections and dehydration. .	Internet
6. We feed our family the same as all families. Sweet potatoes, banana and cassava.	-All people are given with same diet	-What are the nutrition can be obtained from the food? -Are they following the correct balance diet?	--banana: Eating them could help lower blood pressure and reduce the risks of cancer and asthma. Bananas are rich in a mineral called potassium. This mineral is important as it helps maintain fluid levels in the body and regulates the movement of nutrients and waste products in and out of cells. -sweet potato: Sweet potatoes are a rich source of fibre as well as containing an array of vitamins and minerals including iron, calcium, selenium, and they're a good source of most of our B vitamins and vitamin C. -cassava: Cassava is a nutrient-dense, starchy root vegetable native to South America. Cassava is a calorie-dense source of complex carbohydrates—in fact, 95 percent of its calorie makeup comes from carbohydrates. It is relatively low in sugar, with less than 2 grams per serving. -No, A balanced diet is important because your organs and tissues need proper nutrition to work effectively. Without good nutrition, your body is more prone to disease, infection, fatigue, and poor performance. At the core of a balanced diet are foods that are low in unnecessary fats and sugars and high in vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. Protein, a nutrient that is essential for proper muscle growth and brain development.	Internet
7. She explained that when a child is as malnourished as Kanyangge is their stomach doesn't work properly anymore	-Kanyangge stomach got problems	-Why the stomach does not work properly anymore? -What co factor that helps the digestion process?	-Extreme fluid retention observed in individuals suffering from kwashiorkor is a direct result of irregularities in the lymphatic system and an indication of capillary exchange.  due to the lack of proteins, no substantial pressure gradient can be established to draw fluids from the tissue back into the blood stream. This results in the pooling of fluids, causing the swelling and distention of the abdomen. -	Internet
8.Kanyangge would need to get special food from the clinic.	-Malnourished people have to take a specific diet	-What kind of special food that were given?	-You may first be given more calories in the form of carbohydrates, sugars, and fats. Once these calories provide energy, you will be given foods with proteins. Foods must be introduced and calories should be increased slowly because you have been without proper nutrition for a long period. Your body may need to adjust to the increased intake. Your doctor will also recommend long-term vitamin and mineral supplementation to your diet. Doctors will provide food in small amounts and possibly through tubes to the veins and stomach. These tubes allow for food and fluid to be delivered quickly and directly to the body.	Internet
9.She said that malnutrition is not just about the quantity of food you eat but also the quality.	-Quantity & quality of foods need to be balance	-Does the quality and the quantity of food taken corresponding to each others? -What is the best portion of food intake?	-	Internet
10. Children were malnourished are more likely to catch diseases like cholera, diarrhea or malaria because the body is not strong enough to fight diseases.	-Malnutrition lead to weak immunity	-Does malnutrition can affect the immune system? -How do immune system works?	-- Malnutrition breaks down the immunity functions by repressing immune system. Proteins are nutriments that contain nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in their chemical structures. Many immune mechanisms rely on production of active protein compounds or cell replication. In protein deficiency, functions of immune system decrease. It is thought that the negative effect of protein deficiency on immunity is connected with the effect of immune system regulator for some amino acids. Deficiency in essential amino acid can also cause repression on immune system. -	Internet
11. All foods are split into three different families.	-Food are well separated into their classes	-What are the three different families of food and their functions?	-Carbohydrates This group contains starchy foods such as pasta, rice, oats, potatoes, noodles, yam, green bananas, sweet potato, millet, couscous, breads, breakfast cereals, barley and rye. Fx: Carbohydrates give us energy, calcium and B vitamins. Wholegrain ones give us lots of fibre to help keep the digestive system healthy. - Protein This group contains meat, fish and eggs as well as vegetable protein, nuts, beans, peas, lentils, dahl, Quorn and soya. Fx: These foods give us protein, iron and some other minerals and vitamins. This helps the body to grow and repair itself. They are like building blocks for the body. - Fruit and vegetables This group includes fresh as well as frozen, tinned, dried and juices of fruits and vegetables. Fruit and vegetables give you lots of vitamins and chemicals called antioxidants which keep you healthy. Fx: These can even stop you getting some cancers. They also contain fibre to keep your digestive system healthy.	Internet
12. I will also keep breastfeeding Kanyangge until she is two years old.	-The importance of breastfeeding in early stage	-How can breastfeeding helps the malnourished person? -What range of age that suppose to get the breastfeeding?	- Breastfeeding infants for 6 months can help protect them from nutritional difficulties, especially in places where food is short. It is known that the production of milk and the act of breastfeeding requires more energy from the body. Generally, women produce milk adapted to the needs of their baby in terms of quality and quantity. Even among women with moderate malnutrition, the quantity and quality of milk would be little or not at all affected. So even if a mother eats little or less in a day, the quantity and quality of her milk are not affected. However, breastfeeding remains the recommended and most beneficial choice for the child and the mother, even if the diet of the mother is not optimal. -- It is up to you and your baby to decide when the time is right. The World Health Organization recommends that all babies be exclusively breastfed for six months, then gradually introduced to appropriate family foods after six months while continuing to breastfeed for two years or beyond. Some babies decrease the number of breastfeeds as they begin to be able to digest solid food.	Internet